Informative articles on inheritance, enforcement & bankruptcy, real estate, criminal, and intellectual property law.https://www.basahukuk.com/en-UShttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/foreign-student-permit-conditions/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/foreign-student-permit-conditions/Who needs a student residence permit in Turkey, what documents are required, when to renew, work restrictions, and what options exist after graduation. Practical guide for international students.Wed, 04 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/removal-centers-and-rights/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/removal-centers-and-rights/What are removal centers in Turkey? How long can someone be held? What rights do detainees have — and how can the detention decision be challenged? A practical guide under Turkish immigration law.Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/how-to-obtain-work-permit/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/how-to-obtain-work-permit/Foreign nationals working in Turkey must hold a valid work permit. Learn about permit types, the workforce ratio requirement, application process, required documents, and common rejection reasons.Wed, 18 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/deportation-decision-and-annulment-action/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/deportation-decision-and-annulment-action/When can a deportation decision be issued in Turkey? Who is protected from deportation? How to challenge the decision through administrative objection and administrative court action — with strict deadlines explained.Thu, 12 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/how-is-inheritance-divided/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/how-is-inheritance-divided/A practical guide to distributing an estate in Turkey — who the heirs are, how shares are calculated, the methods of division, and when court proceedings become necessary.Sun, 08 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/requirements-for-writing-a-will/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/requirements-for-writing-a-will/Turkish law recognises three types of will — handwritten, notarised, and oral. Each has strict formal requirements. A single defect can render the entire document void.Thu, 22 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-enforcement-how-to-remove/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-enforcement-how-to-remove/When an enforcement notice arrives in Turkey, the debtor has 7 days to act. Learn how enforcement proceedings work, what rights the debtor has, and the available routes to stop or remove the proceeding.Sun, 07 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-concordat/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-concordat/Concordat lets financially distressed businesses restructure debts through a court-supervised creditor agreement — avoiding bankruptcy. Learn about types, conditions, and the process under Turkish law.Mon, 24 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/objection-to-enforcement/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/objection-to-enforcement/When a debtor objects to enforcement proceedings in Turkey, the creditor must bring an action to annul the objection to resume collection. Learn the deadlines, the burden of proof, and the risk of denial of debt compensation.Fri, 03 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/land-registry-transfer-guide/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/land-registry-transfer-guide/Property ownership in Turkey transfers only when the title deed is signed at the land registry office. Learn the required documents, costs, common risks, and how to protect yourself as a buyer or seller.Thu, 18 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/condominium-and-common-areas/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/condominium-and-common-areas/Condominium Law No. 634 governs the rights and duties of apartment owners in Turkey. Learn what counts as a common area, how decisions are made, and how disputes are resolved.Mon, 11 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/right-to-defense-in-criminal-cases/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/right-to-defense-in-criminal-cases/The right to defense is active from the first moment of a criminal investigation. Learn when a lawyer must be present, which cases require mandatory counsel, what defense rights apply at each stage, and the most costly mistakes accused persons make.Sun, 27 Jul 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-reserved-portion/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-reserved-portion/The reserved portion is the minimum inheritance share Turkish law guarantees to forced heirs — regardless of any will or lifetime gift. Learn which heirs are protected, what the shares are, and how to bring an action for reduction (tenkis).Sat, 12 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/how-to-get-inheritance-certificate/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/how-to-get-inheritance-certificate/An inheritance certificate is the essential first step for accessing estate assets in Turkey. Learn how to obtain one through a notary or court, what documents are required, and when the certificate can be challenged.Wed, 19 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/migration-authority-procedures/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/migration-authority-procedures/The Directorate General of Migration Management handles residence permits, deportation, international protection, and removal centres in Turkey. Learn how the system is organised, how individual procedures work, and what remedies are available when a decision goes against you.Mon, 17 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-partition-of-inheritance/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-partition-of-inheritance/When inherited property cannot be divided amicably, any co-owner can bring a partition action in Turkey. Learn how the process works, what happens at auction, and how co-owners can protect their interests.Thu, 06 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/enforcement-cancellation-and-removal/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/enforcement-cancellation-and-removal/When a debt is paid, has prescribed, or was never owed, Turkish law offers several routes to end an enforcement proceeding. Learn the difference between cancellation and removal, and which path to take.Tue, 14 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/residence-permit-types-and-requirements/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/residence-permit-types-and-requirements/Turkey offers several categories of residence permit for foreign nationals, each with different eligibility requirements and rights. Learn the main permit types, the documents required, and the most common mistakes that lead to refusals.Mon, 13 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-seizure-how-to-remove/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-seizure-how-to-remove/Seizure in Turkish enforcement proceedings — what assets can be attached, which are exempt, and how to challenge or lift a seizure. Practical guide for debtors and creditors.Mon, 23 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/ways-to-acquire-citizenship/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/ways-to-acquire-citizenship/Turkish citizenship can be obtained through ordinary residence, exceptional investment routes, or other qualifying circumstances. Learn the requirements for each path, the application process, and the conditions that can lead to revocation.Mon, 09 Dec 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-foreigners-security-deposit/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-foreigners-security-deposit/A foreign plaintiff bringing a civil lawsuit in Turkey may be required by the court to deposit a security amount before the case proceeds. Learn who is affected, how much is set, when exemptions apply, and what happens if the deposit is not paid.Mon, 25 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/construction-contract-land-registry-cancellation/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/construction-contract-land-registry-cancellation/A construction-for-share contract is one of Turkey's most common real estate development models — and one of the most litigated. Learn the structure, the main dispute types, and the available legal remedies.Fri, 08 Nov 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-foreigners-international-protection-law/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-foreigners-international-protection-law/Law No. 6458 (YUKK) is Turkey's primary legislation governing the entry, stay, and departure of foreigners, as well as the international protection system. Learn its two pillars, the four protection statuses, and the procedural rights it guarantees.Mon, 28 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-sale-promise-agreement/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-sale-promise-agreement/A sale promise agreement is a binding commitment to sell real property in the future. Learn the formal requirements, land registry annotation, the buyer's remedies if the seller refuses to transfer, and common pitfalls.Thu, 17 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-bail-release/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-bail-release/Bail release is an alternative to pre-trial detention in Turkish criminal procedure. Learn how the amount is set, payment options, the obligations it imposes, and what happens if conditions are breached.Wed, 25 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-geographical-indication/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-geographical-indication/Geographical indications protect product names that are linked to a specific region. Learn the difference between designations of origin and geographical indications, who can apply, how registration works, and how protection is enforced against unauthorised use.Thu, 05 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/detention-periods-and-rights/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/detention-periods-and-rights/Pre-trial detention in Turkey is an exceptional measure ordered only by a judge. Learn the maximum periods for different offence categories, the rights of detainees from the moment of arrest, and the remedies available to challenge or end detention.Sun, 11 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/international-protection-application-process/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/international-protection-application-process/Foreign nationals fleeing persecution or serious harm can apply for international protection in Turkey. Learn the three available statuses, how the application process works, what rights status-holders receive, and how to challenge a negative decision.Fri, 19 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-parole/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-parole/Parole in Turkey releases a prisoner before the full sentence is served, subject to conditions and supervision. Learn the minimum service requirements, how the decision is made, what supervision obligations apply, and the consequences of a violation.Fri, 21 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-renunciation-of-inheritance/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-renunciation-of-inheritance/An heir who renounces inheritance in Turkey is treated as if they never inherited — including the deceased's debts. Learn the 90-day deadline, how to apply correctly, and what the renunciation affects.Mon, 17 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-testator-fraud/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-testator-fraud/Testator fraud occurs when a deceased person made a fictitious sale or other sham transfer to cut certain heirs out of the inheritance. Legal heirs can bring a land registry cancellation action with no time limit.Thu, 23 May 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-judicial-control/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-judicial-control/Judicial control is a set of supervision measures applied as an alternative to pre-trial detention. Learn which measures can be imposed, how violations are handled, and how to challenge or lift a judicial control order.Tue, 14 May 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/disinheritance-what-is-it/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/disinheritance-what-is-it/Under Turkish law, a testator may disinherit a forced heir only in strictly defined circumstances. Learn the legal grounds, formal requirements, and how a disinherited heir can challenge the decision.Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-copyright-infringement/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-copyright-infringement/Copyright protection in Turkey arises automatically upon creation — no registration is required. Learn which works are protected, the difference between moral and economic rights, what constitutes infringement, and the remedies available to rights holders.Mon, 08 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/trademark-assignment-and-licence/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/trademark-assignment-and-licence/A trademark can be transferred to a new owner through assignment, or its use can be authorised through a licence while ownership is retained. Learn the legal requirements for each, the difference between exclusive and non-exclusive licences, and why registration matters.Fri, 15 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/estate-determination-and-action/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/estate-determination-and-action/The estate (tereke) is the starting point of every inheritance in Turkey. Learn what it includes, how to identify all assets, when court proceedings are necessary, and how hidden transfers can be challenged.Thu, 14 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-precautionary-seizure/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-precautionary-seizure/Precautionary seizure allows a creditor to freeze a debtor's assets before or during proceedings to prevent dissipation. Learn the conditions, the security requirement, enforcement timing, and how to challenge the order.Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-statute-of-limitations-criminal/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-statute-of-limitations-criminal/Turkish criminal law has two separate limitation periods — one for prosecuting an offence, and one for enforcing a sentence already handed down. Learn the applicable periods, how they are interrupted or suspended, and what their expiry actually means.Sun, 04 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/how-trademark-opposition-works/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/how-trademark-opposition-works/After a trademark application is published in Turkey's official bulletin, third parties have three months to oppose registration. Learn the grounds for opposition, how the process unfolds at TÜRKPATENT and before the Re-examination and Evaluation Board, and when to go to court.Mon, 22 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-enforcement-without-judgment/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-enforcement-without-judgment/Ordinary enforcement allows creditors to begin collection proceedings without a court judgment. Learn the three types, the debtor's objection rights, and how the process differs for negotiable instruments.Thu, 11 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/trademark-registration-process/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/trademark-registration-process/Registering a trademark in Turkey involves filing with TÜRKPATENT, clearing examination, surviving a three-month opposition window, and maintaining use. Learn each stage, the typical timeline, and the most common filing mistakes.Mon, 11 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/enforcement-proceeding-costs/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/enforcement-proceeding-costs/What costs arise in Turkish enforcement proceedings? Filing fees, notification charges, seizure costs, expert fees, and who pays — a practical guide for creditors and debtors.Wed, 06 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/enforcement-when-debtor-dies/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/enforcement-when-debtor-dies/When a debtor dies during enforcement proceedings in Turkey, the process is temporarily suspended while heirs decide whether to accept or renounce the inheritance. Learn how creditors and heirs should respond.Wed, 22 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/how-to-apply-for-patent/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/how-to-apply-for-patent/Patent protection in Turkey requires meeting three substantive requirements and following TÜRKPATENT's formal process. Learn what qualifies, how to prepare the critical claims document, when to file internationally, and how utility model protection differs.Mon, 20 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-preemption-right/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-preemption-right/The preemption right allows co-owners to acquire a co-owner's share when sold to a third party. Learn the difference between statutory and contractual preemption, how to exercise the right, and the applicable deadlines.Sun, 15 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-floor-easement/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-floor-easement/A floor easement is the legal status assigned to individual units in a building under construction. Learn the difference from full condominium ownership, how it is established, and how the conversion to condominium takes place.Thu, 28 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-easement-right/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-easement-right/Easement rights grant defined use of another person's land without conveying ownership. Learn the main types under Turkish law — right of way, right of residence, water rights, superficies — and how they are created, registered, and extinguished.Fri, 04 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/possession-based-land-registry-action/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/possession-based-land-registry-action/Long-term possessors of unregistered rural land in Turkey can obtain formal title through a court action under Cadastre Law Art. 14. Learn the conditions, evidence required, and how the process works.Wed, 19 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-active-repentance/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-active-repentance/Active repentance allows the accused to obtain a significant sentence reduction by voluntarily repairing the harm caused. Learn which offences qualify, how the reduction rate varies with timing, and how the institution differs from voluntary abandonment.Mon, 12 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-design-registration/https://www.basahukuk.com/en/articles/what-is-design-registration/Design registration in Turkey protects the visual appearance of products. Learn about TÜRKPATENT application, examination, opposition, protection duration, and the rights it confers under the Industrial Property Code.Mon, 09 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT